Editorial: Advocacy for health workforce issues
Dear reader,
Good news first: The Health Workforce Advocacy Initiative HWAI, the civil society “forum for strategizing, advocacy support, information sharing, and idea and information generation” to address the global health worker shortage is back on stage after a lengthy period of transition. HWAI secretariat shifted from the US based Physicians for Human Rights to MMI Network member Wemos, based in the Netherlands.
Wemos invited active HWAI members to a strategic planning meeting that took place in Geneva last week. During two days, a group of dedicated civil society representatives discussed the current status of the advocacy initiative, its cooperation with the Global Health Workforce Alliance, the advocacy topics and interventions needed to make a difference in human resources for health (HRH), and, finally, the structure of the HWAI (objectives, specific mandate, membership, steering committee, cooperation between members etc.) needed to deliver these advocacy interventions. Similar to Medicus Mundi International, HWAI will be set up a Network, owned by its members who are responsible both for agenda setting and for the implementation of joint plans. The meeting ended with clearly defined tasks and responsibilities for the next steps to be undertaken in the institutional development of HWAI – and with a lot of renewed commitment and enthusiasm for bringing HWAI up to a next period of successful joint advocacy for human resources for health.
On the other hand, and this is the bad news, participants at the Geneva meeting agreed that human resources issues have much disappeared from the global health agenda. The “3.5 Million health workers” campaign for “more health workers, better supported” turned out to be just a one-off event around the UN General Assembly meeting in New York. last summer. The campaign website still states that there are “309 organisations behind the campaign” (including the MMI Network and some of its members), but today it seems that nobody is really harnessing the results of this great mobilisation effort. The “owners” are now looking for others to lead the campaign.
Almost two years after the adoption of the WHO Code of Practice on international recruitment of health personnel by the World Health Assembly, news about the implementation is scarce. Nobody seems to really know how many countries are going to report back to WHO within the given deadline of May 2012. There is not much WHO leadership visible in steering Code implementation at global level; the related website has not been updated any more since last year. The news that WHO downsized its HRH unit and integrated it into its “Health System Governance and Service Delivery” department with the intention to mainstream HRH has therefore been received with at least mixed feelings. “Bearing HRH glasses” while working in all sectors and at all levels might make sense, but there is a risk that HRH mainstreaming becomes awaystreaming…
On the other hand, human resources are a building block of health systems, and the debate on how to overcome the human resources crisis directly re-opens a very old battlefield*: In a time of scarce resources and high pressure of delivering fast results – see the “raise it, spend it, prove it’” slogan of the former Global Fund director – there is a debate if countries rather invest in proper health centres, staffed with “classic” health workers such as physicians, nurses and midwives, or rather go for more basic health posts, for community health workers with basic training, taking over some of the responsibilities of nurses and doctors (“task shifting”). If civil society organizations start to discuss this issue among themselves, it might be that their easy initial consensus around what “more health workers” really means will fall apart.
Strategizing, information sharing, idea and information generation, and, finally, undertaking joint advocacy: the platform provided by the Health Workforce Advocacy Initiative is much needed. So welcome back on the scene!
Thomas Schwarz, Executive Secretary
Medicus Mundi International Network
MMI is a member of HWAI
*I refer to: The new dichotomy in health systems strengthening and the role of global health initiatives: What can we learn from Ethiopia? Gorik Ooms et al. in: Journal of Public Health Policy (2010), www.bit.ly/yyrgmC; see also: GAVI, Global Fund, World Bank: Support for human resources for health in developing countries. Vujicic et al., HNP 2011, www.bit.ly/y7IVM0
MMI Network: Events and resources
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Network events: Medicus Mundi International Network
Board meeting in Basel, 16 March 2012
The Board meeting in March will focus on reviewing and steering the implementation of the MMI strategy 2011-15 and the three Network programs defined so far. We will also hold a re-launching event of a wider MMI research working group as a side event to the Board meeting in March. An invitation for this half-day side event to the Board meeting was sent to all Network members and those partners having shown their interest in developing a NGO-Research interface. The group, supported by the Board members, will start to develop a proper work plan, and we will have talks and a visit at Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute in order to see how they do operational research and what they could offer to the MMI Network and its members.
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MMI Network event: EPN
Access to quality medicines: priority needs, priority actions for today and tomorrow. Addis Ababa, 21-23 March 2012
”The biennial Forum and General meeting of the Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network (EPN) is an opportunity for Network members to meet physically to discuss and make critical decisions in relation to the activities of the Network. In 2010, during the EPN Forum in Nairobi, participants from 20 countries discussed strategies for building sustainable pharmaceutical systems and for the delivery of quality pharmaceutical services within the church sector. They came away with a sense that the two day forum provided them with an immeasurable learning experience and access to information and resources that would help them do their jobs more efficiently and effectively. At next year’s Forum in Addis Ababa, the theme of discussions will be ‘Access to quality medicines: priority needs, priority actions for today and tomorrow’. Mark the date! More information will follow soon.”
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MMI Network event: action medeor
Teeth for the tiger – Strengthening the role of the World Health Organization in global health. Berlin, 26 March 2012
“Halfway between the Executive Board meeting of the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2012 and the World Health Assembly in May 2012, we will be discussing the current reform process of WHO. The focus will be on analyzing the role of the WHO and the German Government in addressing the Human Resources for Health Crisis and Social Protection. WHO claimed a leadership role in this area with its World Health Reports of 2006 and 2010, in which possible solutions were proposed. German development cooperation is actively working on both issues as well. But how does the interaction between WHO, Germany and the wide range of established global health players actually function? In a following panel discussion, the role of WHO in the 21st century will be discussed.” (Conference flyer). The Action for Global Health conference is being co-hosted by action medeor, a member of the MMI Network. Remco van de Pas, Wemos, will contribute with an input on the role of WHO in addressing the human resources crisis.
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MMI Network event: aidsfocus – MM Switzerland
Advocacy and HIV. Berne, 17 April 2012
”Advocacy is a key component in the struggle towards an AIDS-free future and the fulfilment of the right to health for all. The aidsfocus.ch conference 2012 will focus on advocacy and open a space for sharing, discussion and joint learning on experiences, visions and strategies to end the epidemic.”
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MMI Network event: Swiss TPH – MM Switzerland
eHealth in proof and practice: Opportunities and challenges in international health. Basel, 8 May 2012
”Years ago the concept of ‘eHealth’ was discussed only in its general manifestations, but of course, things change. The focus of the spring symposium will be on the review of evidence and best practice of using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT’s) to enhance health services and population health over the past decade.
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MMI Network project: Medicus Mundi Italy
Famine crisis in Burkina Faso: Nevereatalone
“In 2012, Burkina Faso is likely to be affected by a dramatic famine (peak foreseen in the months between April and October 2012). The famine is due to several factors, the main cause being the draught which devastates crops and cattle. The consequent nutritional crisis is going to worsen a chronically deficient nutritional situation. Such months of constant hunger, which might be endurable by adults, are certainly not endurable by infants who depend completely on their mothers, who are malnourished themselves. Medicus Mundi Italy and the Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia promote the Humanitarian Campaign ‘Nevereatalone’ in order to prevent severe forms of malnutrition in the most fragile social groups, that is pregnant women and infants.” (Medicus Mundi Italia)
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MMI Network publication: EPN
Effective pharmaceutical supply chains: On the road in low income countries
“From manufacturer to patient, that is the road medicines need to take all over the world. In some cases it’s a short distance. For most patients in developing countries, the road is very long. From manufacturer to central medical warehouse, to local supplier, to every small depot, health centre and dispensary, it’s a long road with many bumps and potholes. In this edition of Pharmalink, some of the players in the field of medical supply chain explain problems and challenges to do with forecasting, selection and procurement, inventory management, storage, shelf life and distribution.” (Pharmalink Vol 11, Issue 1, November 2011. A publication of the Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network EPN)
www.epnetwork.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=295&Itemid=15
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MMI Network publication: Stop Malaria Now
Interrelation of Malaria Control Interventions and Community Health Systems Strengthening in Kenya
“Malaria control interventions are mostly being implemented within the structures of the local health system with potential to promote the whole system. In contrary health system strengthening initiatives can benefit specific disease control interventions at the same time. In order to find out more on the mutual interrelation between malaria control interventions and strengthening of local health systems, this study was conducted in Kenya between August 2010 and January 2011 at four study sites that randomly sampled a total of 1,416 households. Key-informant interviews were conducted with health personnel, NGO and FBO representatives and community opinion leaders to assess the respondents’ views on key issues and to record key responses on implementation malaria control interventions and their interrelation with health system strengthening initiatives.” Interrelation of Malaria Control Interventions and Community Health Systems Strengthening in Kenya. Research report published by Stop Malaria Now and Kenya NGO Alliance Against Malaria. Nairobi/Cologne, April 2011
www.stopmalarianow.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/research_report_2011_english.pdf
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Global Health: MMI updates
Bits and pieces of news on international health policy. Each “MMI update” is 140 characters or less – these are the rules of the game on twitter. Just enough for a headline, eventually an author, a date, the source – and a link to the website where you find the full information. Have a look at some of our “tweets” published during the last month. As usual, it’s a bit much, so take it or leave it.
Human resources for health
Migration of health personnel
- Health workers reach index. Best and worst countries for a child to fall sick in. Save the Children UK, 2011 www.savethechildren.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/HealthWorkerIndexmain_4.pdf
- Human resources for health care delivery in Tanzania: a multifaceted problem. Fatuma Manzi et al.
www.human-resources-health.com/content/10/1/3/abstract - Health workers at the core of the health system: Framework and research issues. Sudhir Anand and Till Bärnighausen www.who.int/workforcealliance/knowledge/resources/frameworkandresearch_dec2011.pdf
- GHWA letter to Global Fund: continue giving due attention to health system and health workforce funding support www.who.int/workforcealliance/media/news/2012/gfhsssupport2012/en/index.html
Health systems strengthening
Universal health coverage
- Universal Health Coverage is in, Health Systems Strengthening is out – says UHC enthusiast David Hercot
http://e.itg.be/ihp/archives/uhc-is-in-hss-is-out - Bangkok statement on Universal Health Coverage, 28 January 2012
http://bit.ly/xew9Zd - The Bangkok statement discussed by the Lancet
www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2960212-8/fulltext - Universal Health Coverage is intolerance for health inequities. Raoul Bermejo III
http://e.itg.be/ihp/archives/uhc-intolerance-for-inequities - Paying for performance to improve delivery of health interventions in low- and middle-income countries. S Witter et al.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007899.pub2/abstract - Rethinking health sector wide approaches (SWAps) through the lens of aid effectiveness. Andrew McNee, Devpolicy 2012
http://devpolicy.anu.edu.au/pdf/papers/DP_14_Rethinking_Health_Sector.pdf - The simple health system rules that create value. Thomas E. Kottke et al.
www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0179.htm - Lot of talks about “results agenda”. Everyone is in favour of results, but this consensus is superficial. Owen Barder
www.owen.org/blog/5228 - Good health at low cost: What makes a successful health system? (Balbanova et al., 2011) reviewed by LC Chen, Lancet
www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2960218-9/fulltext - We quantified the quality of health aid! (so what?) Amanda Glassman
http://blogs.cgdev.org/globalhealth/2012/02/we-quantified-the-quality-of-health-aid-so-what.php - From monitoring selected diseases to monitoring universal health care: will the providers bear the burden? David Hercot
http://e.itg.be/ihp/archives/Monitoring-UHC-Will-providers-bear-burden - Aligning vertical interventions to health systems: HIV monitoring and evaluation in South Africa. M Kawonga et al.
www.health-policy-systems.com/content/10/1/2/abstract - Turning warriors into bureaucrats. Matthew Greenall: Performance hype makes things get much harder for community groups
http://epidreamiology.posterous.com/turning-warriors-into-bureaucrats - Politics, policy-making, and the implementation of health financing and delivery mechanisms. Heather Grady
http://bit.ly/zc01Ua - Côte d’Ivoire: Government scraps free health care for all. IRIN report
www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94729 - Understanding health system reform – a complex adaptive systems perspective. JP. Sturmberg et al. (example: Australia)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01792.x/pdf
NGO debate
- International NGOs must address their accountability deficit. Michael Jennings
www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2012/feb/09/ngos-accountability-deficit-legal-framework - Thick problems and thin solutions: How NGOs can bridge the gap. “Think (or thick?) piece” by M Edwards
www.thebrokeronline.eu/var/broker/storage/original/application/960b295f2838b63a6609cea4fdf0a51f.pdf - It’s the future calling …for creativity coupled with a can-do attitude. J Stremmelaar and R Berkhout
www.thebrokeronline.eu/en/Blogs/Future-Calling-blog/It-s-the-future-calling
…and the role of philanthropy and the private sector
- The private-sector role in public health. Reflections on the new global architecture in health. JL Sturchio, Akash Goel http://csis.org/publication/private-sector-role-public-health
- …remember the COI statement of concern: Lack of clarity re. the role of the private sector in public policy making www.babymilkaction.org/pdfs/COIC%2011Jan2012.pdf
- Debate: Philanthropy – the enemy of justice? There are already 244 comments on Robert Newman’s article www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/jan/27/philanthropy-enemy-of-justice
Social determinants of health
Equity and human right to health
- Social determinants of health: the environmental dimension. Lancet editorial
www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2960291-8/fulltext - Equity in an inequitable World: A tale about ethics, charity, politics, and rights. Claudio Schuftan
http://bit.ly/yVZifO - Equity, human rights, and health: Here, there and back again. Sofia Gruskin
www.unicef-irc.org/research-watch/Health-and-Equity/commentary.html - Global Health Watch 3: The alternative World Health Report is now available online
www.ghwatch.org/
Beyond 2015, MDGs and SDGs
- Do we still need development goals? Charles Kenny
http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2012/02/do-we-still-need-development-goals.php - Do we need a new post-2015 framework to promote health-related goals? Bente Molenaar
http://bit.ly/AmtiLV p.7 ff. - Sustainable Development Goals? Remind “essential must haves” for the creation of a post 2015 development framework
www.bond.org.uk/data/files/Beyond_2015_Essential_Must-Haves_April_2011.pdf - Sustainable Development Goals: post-MDGs agenda risks focusing on the environmental at the expense of the social
http://globaltransition2012.org/2012/01/sdgs-a-new-generation-of-development-goals/
Neglected tropical diseases: the debate
- Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases – A roadmap for implementation. WHO 2012
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2012/WHO_HTM_NTD_2012.1_eng.pdf - London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases
www.unitingtocombatntds.org/ - A tipping point for the World’s poor. Peter Hotez celebrates the London Declaration on NTDs
www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-hotez-md-phd/london-declaration-ntds_b_1237098.html - WHO, Gates, industry, NGOs elevate attention to neglected diseases. William New links NTD news and WHO CEWG debate
www.ip-watch.org/2012/01/30/who-gates-industry-and-ngo-leaders-elevate-attention-to-neglected-diseases - Gates initiative on “neglected diseases” advances cause, but neglects key questions. Tom Paulson
http://humanosphere.kplu.org/2012/01/gates-initiative-on-neglected-diseases-advances-cause-but-neglects-key-questions/ - What uniting to combat tropical diseases will really require. Unni Karunakara
http://huff.to/zpb8k9 - Will increased funding for neglected tropical diseases really make poverty history? Tim Allen, Melissa Parker
www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2960159-7/fulltext - The tomorrow of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Rachel ter Horst
http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/2012/02/01/the-tomorrow-of-neglected-tropical-diseases
Access to medicines
- HIV, TB and Malaria medicines landscape. Emerging issues, potential opportunities to improve access UNITAID 2012
www.unitaid.eu/images/marketdynamics/publications/medicines_landscape_2012.pdf - “Strategic ignorance”: What we don’t know, and why, about incentives to stimulate biomedical research & development. James Love
http://keionline.org/node/1365 - Civil society challenges WIPO over so-called Africa IP Summit
www.ghwatch.org/africa-IP-summit
…the EU-India free trade agreement
and the Novartis vs. India Glivec case
- Corporate (anti) social responsibility. Andrew Harmer on EU India free trade agreement and Novartis vs India case
www.globalhealthpolicy.net/?p=734 - Health of millions of poor people threatened by EU-India free trade deal. Philippe Douste-Blazy and Denis Broun
www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2012/feb/10/health-threatened-by-india-trade-deal - Does EU/India free trade agreement spell the end of cheap drugs for poor countries? Sarah Boseley
www.guardian.co.uk/society/sarah-boseley-global-health/2012/feb/10/hiv-infection-pharmaceuticals-industry - Don’t let your governments trade away our lives. TAC chair on harmful intellectual property provisions in EU-India FTA
www.globalhealthcheck.org/?p=621 - The EU-India Free Trade Agreement: is it the end of the world as we know it? Rohit Malpani
www.globalhealthcheck.org/?p=591 - MSF: Novartis, stop the attack on generic medicines! Glivec case before Indian Supreme Court
www.msfaccess.org/STOPnovartis/ - Novartis vs India Glivec case: Statement by Berne Declaration at Novartis Annual General Assembly, 23 February 2012
www.evb.ch/fr/p19913.html - Protest against Novartis’ Indian lawsuit on Glivec: “48 hours of action”. Press review and more campaign information by Act-up Basel
www.actupbasel.org/actupbasel/?48-HOURS-OF-ACTION-Press-review
…and the ongoing debate on counterfeit drugs
- Blank cheque for abuse: The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) and its impact on access to medicines. MSF 2012
www.msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/MSF_assets/Access/Docs/Access_Briefing_ACTABlankCheque_ENG_2012.pdf - ACTA and access to medicines: A flawed process, flawed rationale and flawed agreement. HAI Europe policy brief
http://haieurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/HAI-Europe-ACTA-and-Access-to-Medicines.pdf - Counterfeit drugs: a growing global threat. Lancet editorial
www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2960289-X/fulltext
And yet another debate: Malaria mortality figures
- Global malaria mortality between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis. Christopher JL Murray et al. www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2960034-8/abstract
- New (higher) estimates of malaria deaths: concern and opportunity. Lancet editorial
www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2960169-X/fulltext - Why are malaria mortality rates different in recent studies? WHO feature: “WHO stands by their previous estimates”
www.who.int/features/qa/80/en/index.html - Study: Malaria death toll nearly twice the official count, kills many adults. Tom Paulson
http://humanosphere.kplu.org/2012/02/study-malaria-death-toll-much-bigger-killing-adults-as-well-as-kids/ - Malaria kills twice as many people as previously thought, research finds. Sarah Boseley
www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/feb/03/malaria-deaths-research?intcmp=122 - Malaria: twice as deadly as we think it is? Alex Perry on a dispute in the age of “information overload”
http://globalspin.blogs.time.com/2012/02/06/is-malaria-twice-as-deadly-than-we-think-it-is/ - Saving lives by counting deaths. Kate McQueston
http://blogs.cgdev.org/globalhealth/2012/02/saving-lives-by-counting-deaths.php - Malaria estimate sausages by WHO and IHME. Victoria Fan & Felix Lam
http://blogs.cgdev.org/globalhealth/2012/02/malaria-estimate-sausages-by-who-and-ihme.php
World Cancer Day
4 February 2012
- Cancer treatment and care: a new and uneasy world. Lancet editorial.
www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2960211-6/fulltext - Closing the global cancer divide: Together it is possible. JD Quick & FM Knaul
www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-d-quick-md-mph/closing-the-global-cancer_b_1253463.html - World Cancer Day
www.worldcancerday.org
The future of the Global Fund
- The Global Fund: 10 years of impact
www.youtube.com/watch?v=OA-31xD0log - Why the Global Fund matters. Paul Farmer
www.nytimes.com/2012/02/02/opinion/why-the-global-fund-matters.html?_r=1 - The transformation of the Global Fund – concerns and opportunities. David McCoy
www.aidspan.org/index.php?issue=174&article=4 - The Global Fund – saved and wrapped in the US flag? Sarah Boseley
http://bit.ly/xdvZ0V
Women’s and children’s health
Reproductive health and rights
- Positioning women’s and children’s health in African Union policy-making: A policy analysis. Kadidiatou Toure et al.
www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/8/1/3/abstract - New Norwegian-led research project to identify economic benefits of investing in women’s health. PMNCH media release
www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2012/20120215_norway_researchproject/en/index.html - A life free from hunger: Tackling child malnutrition. Save the Children report
http://everyone.org/report-on-child-malnutrition/ - Stop saying the solutions for child health and malnutrition are so simple. Karen Grepin on “A Life Free from Hunger”
http://karengrepin.com/2012/02/stop-saying-the-solutions-are-so-simple.html - Understanding the Girl Effect. Jill Sheffield
www.impatientoptimists.org/Posts/2012/02/Understanding-the-Girl-Effect - Will the ‘girl effect’ really help to combat poverty? Ofra Koffman on empowering girls and delaying childbearing
www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2012/feb/10/will-girl-effect-combat-poverty - WHO and partners are launching a new website on results, resources and oversight related to reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health
www.bit.ly/xwCxmR - Maternal mortality and human rights: landmark decision by UN human rights body. J Bueno de Mesquita & E Kismödi
www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/2/11-101410/en/index.html - Economic growth and women’s health outcomes: A deepening divide? ShareJayati Ghosh
www.globalhealthcheck.org/?p=531 - From population control to human rights. Women’s health activist Adrienne Germain talks to Sarah Cumberland
www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/2/12-040212/en/index.html - Global health and population. K. Donnelly recalls that child survival is essential to stabilizing global population
www.path.org/blog/2012/02/global-health-and-population - Operationalising sexual & reproductive health & rights in Subsaharan Africa: constraints, dilemmas, strategies. RN Oronje et al.
www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/11/S3/S8
Other topics
- Silent killer, economic opportunity: Rethinking non-communicable disease. Sudeep Chand
www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Global%20Health/0112bp_chand.pdf - Ethical tensions in dealing with noncommunicable diseases globally. S. Venkatapuram et al., WHO Bulletin online first
www.who.int/bulletin/online_first/11-094789.pdf - Health Policy and Systems Research – a methodology reader. Lucy Gilson ed.
www.who.int/alliance-hpsr/resources/reader/en/#.T0MpNLKvCaE.twitter - The case for Europe as a leader in research and innovation for global health. Samantha Battams et al. GHE working paper
www.globalhealtheurope.org/images/stories/ghe/GHElongversion2012.pdf
- Reform of the WHO at the centre of the discussions at the WHO’s Executive Board. Chantal Blouin
http://bit.ly/AmtiLV p. 12 f. - Resilient people, resilient planet: A future worth choosing. Report by UN SG High-level Panel on Global Sustainability
www.un.org/gsp/sites/default/files/attachments/GSPReportOverview_A4%20size.pdf - Public health challenges and sustainable development, 1st seminar towards Rio+20: presentations and recordings
http://equity.posterous.com/presentations-and-recordings-1st-seminar-seri - Does Davos matter? I wasn’t invited to the World Economic Forum. Neither were you, in all likelihood. Tom Paulson
http://humanosphere.kplu.org/2012/01/does-davos-matter-in-a-good-way-i-mean - The case for reform of the humanitarian system
www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-belanger/the-case-for-reform-of-th_b_1258189.html
- Crises in a New World Order. Oxfam
http://bit.ly/yML8N2 - The health-care challenges posed by population ageing. Gary Humphreys
www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/2/12-020212/en/index.html - Sourcing African solutions will be critical to ending Africa’s ‘AIDS dependency crisis’. UNAIDS brief, 2012
http://bit.ly/zgDbwb - Education and health: Where do gender differences really matter? World Development Report 2012, chapter 3. WB 2012
http://bit.ly/zKbgh7 - It’s better than nothing, right? Delivering safe global surgery. Mark Shrime
www.globalhealthhub.org/2012/01/28/its-better-than-nothing-right-delivering-safe-global-surgery/
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